Diversity of Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites Recovered from Blood Oranges Infected by Colletotrichum, Alternaria, and Penicillium Species

This study identified secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Penicillium digitatum in fruits of two blood orange cultivars before harvest. Analysis was performed UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS. Three types were selected, asymptomatic, symptomatic showing necrotic lesions caused hail, mummified. Extracts from peel juice analyzed separately. the prevalent species recovered mummified hail-injured fruits. Among 47 identified, 16, 18, 13 A. C. P. digitatum, respectively. Consistently with isolations, indicating presence these fungi also asymptomatic fruits, metabolic profiles did not differ substantially. Major differences found such as a significant higher 5,4-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6C-methylflavone Atrovenetin, particularly Tarocco Lempso cultivar. Moreover, mycotoxins patulin Rubratoxin B detected exclusively Patulin both peel, relative abundance juice, while only juice. These findings provide basic information for evaluating preventing risk contamination citrus fresh fruit supply chain industry.